Qur’an:

“The men are responsible for the women with that with which God preferred the one over the other and through that which they spent out of their wealth. Therefore pious (women) are submissive and guarding in absence with that which God has guarded.” [An-Nisa’ 4:34]

الرجال قوامون على النساء بما فضل الله بعضهم على بعض وبما أنفقوا من أموالهم فالصالحات قانتات حافظات للغيب بما حفظ الله

Sunnah:

Marwan Ibn Muslim reported that Ibrahim Ibn Muhriz said: “I was staying with Muhammad Al-Baqir (a.) when someone asked him and said: A man said to his wife: “Your affair is in your own hand.” He replied: “How should it be when God says: “The men are responsible for the women?” (3:34) This is not valid.” [Tahdhib-ul-Ahkam by At-Tusi, Volume 8, page 88]

عن مروان بن مسلم عن إبراهيم بن محرز قال: سأل أبا جعفر عليه السلام رجل وانا عنده فقال رجل قال لامرأته أمرك بيدك قال أنى يكون هذا والله يقول الرجال قوامون على النساء ليس هذا بشئ

Abdullah reported that Imam Al-Hasan (a.) said: “A crowd of Jews stood before the messengers (s.) and their most knowledgeable asked him questions and asked him: “What is the preference of men over women?” The Prophet (s.) said: ” Such as the preference of the heavens over the earth and the preference of water over the earth, for water enlivens the earth and men enliven women. If it had not been for men, women would not have been created: God says: “Men are responsible for women with that which God preferred one over the other and with that which they spent out of their wealth.” (4:34) The Jew asked: “Why was this so? The prophet (s.) said: “God created Adam (a.) from a clay and from his remains and the rest was created Eve (a.) and the first to obey the women was Adam (a.), whereupon God made him descend from paradise and the preference of men over women has already become clear in this world. Do you not then look at the women as they have their monthly period and are denied worship due to impurity, while the men are not affected by menstruation?” The Jew said: “You have found yourself confirmed, O Muhammad.”[Ilal-ush-Shara’i by As-Saduq, Volume 2, page 512]

عن الحسن بن عبد الله عن آبائه عن جده الحسن بن علي بن أبي طالب عليهم السلام قال: جاء نفر من اليهود إلى رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله فسأله اعلمهم عن مسائل فكان فيما سأله ان قال له: ما فضل الرجال على النساء؟ فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله: كفضل السماء على الأرض، وكفضل الماء على الأرض، فالماء يحيى الأرض، وبالرجال تحيى النساء لولا الرجال ما خلقت النساء يقول الله عز وجل: الرجال قوامون على النساء بما فضل الله بعضهم على بعض وبما انفقوا من أموالهم قال اليهودي: لأي شئ كان هكذا؟ فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وآله خلق الله تعالى آدم من طين، ومن فضلته وبقيته خلقت حواء، وأول من أطاع النساء آدم، فأنزله الله تعالى من الجنة، وقد بين فضل الرجال على النساء في الدنيا ألا ترى إلى النساء كيف يحضن ولا يمكنهن العبادة من القذارة والرجال لا يصيبهم شئ من الطمث، قال اليهودي صدقت يا محمد

Muhammad Ibn Sinan reported that Imam Ar-Rida (a.) said: “The reason that women are given half the inheritance of men is because when the woman enters into a partnership (nikah), she takes and the man spends, and thus it is saved towards the man, and another reason for giving the man twice what the woman receives is because the woman is one of them,whom the man has to take care of when she needs something and he is obliged to pay for it and he is obliged to spend for it, while the woman does not pay for the man and is not charged for his expenditure when he needs something and therefore is saved from the man, and that is what God says: “Men are responsible for the women with what God favoured the one over the other and by what they spent out of their wealth.” (4:34) [Bihar-ul-Anwar of Al-Majlisi, vol. 101 page 326 – 327]

عن محمد بن سنان أن أبا الحسن الرضا عليه السلام كتب إليه فيما كتب إليه من جواب مسائله: علة إعطاء النساء نصف ما يعطى الرجال من الميراث لأن المرأة إذا تزوجت أخذت والرجل يعطي، فلذلك وفر على الرجال، وعلة أخرى في إعطاء الذكر مثلي ما تعطى الأنثى لان الأنثى في عيال الذكر إن احتاجت، وعليه أن يعولها وعليه نفقتها، وليس على المرأة أن تعول الرجل، ولا تؤخذ بنفقته إن احتاج، فوفر على الرجل لذلك، وذلك قول الله عز وجل: الرجال قوامون على النساء بما فضل الله بعضهم على بعض وبما أنفقوا من أموالهم

Shihab Ibn Abd Rabbih reported that he asked Imam As-Sadiq (a.): “What is the right of the woman towards her partner?” He said: “He satisfies her hunger and covers her nakedness (Awrah) and does not damage her face and if he did so, by God, then he has fulfilled her right.” [Al-Kafi of Al-Kulaini, volume 5, page 511]

عن شهاب بن عبد ربه قال: قلت لابي عبد الله عليه السلام: ما حق المرأة على زوجها؟ قال: يسد جوعتها ويستر عورتها ولا يقبح لها وجها فإذا فعل ذلك فقد والله أدى حقها

Ali Ibn Ibrahim Al-Qumi writes: “As for the verse: Men are responsible for the women with what God preferred the one over the other and with what they spent of their wealth.” (4:34) So God imposed on men the duty (Fard) to spend on women. Then God praised the women and said: “Therefore pious women are submissive and in the absence guarding with that which God has guarded.” Which means that she was guarding when her partner was not with her.” [Tafsir-ul-Qumi, volume 1, page 137]

قال علي بن إبراهيم القمي: قوله الرجال قوامون على النساء بما فضل الله بعضهم على بعض وبما أنفقوا من أموالهم يعني فرض الله على الرجال أن ينفقوا على النساء ثم مدح الله النساء فقال: فالصالحات قانتات حافظات للغيب بما حفظ الله يعني تحفظ نفسها إذا غاب زوجها عنها

Qur’an:

“admonish those, of whom you fear their rebellion, and avoid them in the chambers and strike them, but if they obey you, ask no remedy against them, God is exalted and great.” “God is Exalted and Great.” [An-Nisa’ 4:34]

واللاتي تخافون نشوزهن فعظوهن واهجروهن في المضاجع واضربوهن فإن أطعنكم فلا تبغوا عليهن سبيلا إن الله كان عليا كبيرا

Sunnah:

Abu Al-Jarud reported that Imam Al-Baqir (a.) about the verse …submissive (women)… (4:34) said: “Obedient (women) and His statement … admonish those of whom you fear their rebellion and avoid them in the rooms and strike them, but if they obey you, do not ask any means against them… “(4:34) is about a woman leaving the room of her partner. Her partner said: Fear God and return to me in your room. For this is the admonition, and if she obeyed him, this is the remedy, but if not, then he insults her, and this is the avoidance. If she returned to her room, then so it is, but if not, then he gives her a blow that causes no pain, and if she obeyed him and had sexual intercourse with him God says: “But if they obey you, then ask no means against them.” (4:34) He says: “Do not demand love from them; for the admonition, the insult, and the slap were only meant to be for them in the room: God is exalted and great.”[Tafsir-ul-Qummi, volume 1, page 137]

عن أبي الجارود عن الإمام الباقر عليه السلام في قوله تعالى قانتات يقول مطيعات وقوله واللاتي تخافون نشوزهن فعظوهن واهجروهن في المضاجع واضربوهن فان اطعنكم فلا تبغوا عليهن سبيلا وذلك أن نشزت المرأة عن فراش زوجها قال زوجها اتقى الله وارجعي إلى فراشك، فهذه الموعظة، فان اطاعته فسبيل ذلك وإلا سبها وهو الهجر فان رجعت إلى فراشها فذلك وإلا ضربها ضربا غير مبرح فان اطاعته وضاجعته يقول الله فان أطعنكم فلا تبغوا عليهن سبيلا يقول لا تكلفوهن الحب فإنما جعل الموعظة والسب والضرب لهن في المضجع ان الله كان عليا كبيرا

Ali Ibn Muhammad reported that the Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “I am amazed at the one who strikes his wife while he should be rather struck instead of her. Do not strike your women with wood, for there is retaliation, but strike them with hunger and nakedness until you succeed in this world and the hereafter.” [Mustadrak Safinat Al-Bihar by An-Namazi, Volume 10, Page 47]

عن علي بن محمد بن إسماعيل عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: إني أتعجب ممن يضرب امرأته وهو بالضرب أولى منها لا تضربوا نساءكم بالخشب، فإن فيه القصاص، ولكن اضربوهن بالجوع والعري حتى تربحوا في الدنيا والآخرة

Ali Ibn Abi Talib (a.) reported that the Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “The women are a nakedness (Awrah). Keep them in the houses and through their nakedness seek help against them.” [An-Nawadir of Ar-Rawandi, page 179]

بإسناده عن آبائه عليهم السلام عنه صلى الله عليه وآله قال: النساء عورة احبسوهن في البيوت واستعينوا عليهن بالعرى

Abdullah Ibn Umar reported that the Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “O you people, the women you have, are naked and have no harm against themselves nor benefit for themselves. You received them with the care of God and allowed yourselves their intimate areas through the formality (Marriage contract) of God. Therefore you have a right against them and they have a right against you. and it is your right to them that they should not prepare your beds for anyone, nor should they disobey you in the right way, and if they have kept to it, then their provision and their proper clothing should be theirs, and do not strike them!” [Bihar-ul-Anwar of Al-Majlisi, vol. 74, page 118]

عن عبد الله بن عمر عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: أيها الناس إن النساء عندكم عوار لا يملكن لانفسهن ضرا ولا نفعا، أخذتموهن بأمانة الله، واستحللتم فروجهن بكلمات الله فلكم عليهن حق ولهن عليكم حق، ومن حقكم عليهن أن لا يوطئين فرشكم ولا يعصينكم في معروف فإذا فعلن ذلك فلهن رزقهن وكسوتهن بالمعروف ولا تضربوهن

As-Sabzwari reported that the Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “Whichever man strikes his wife, for them God orders the angel who guards the fire to strike his face seventy times into the fire of hell, and whichever man of you crooked a hair of his Muslim wife, they will hit nails of fire through his hand.” [Mustadrak-ul-Wasa’il by An-Nuri, Volume 14 Page 250]

عن السبزواري عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله قال: فأي رجل لطم امرأته لطمة أمر الله عز وجل مالك خازن النيران فيلطمه على حر وجهه سبعين لطمة في نار جهنم وأي رجل منكم وضع يده على شعر امرأة مسلمة سمر كفه بمسامير من نار

Muhammad Ibn Ali reported that the wife of Mu’adh Ibn Jabal spoke: “O Messenger of God, what rights does the wife have over her husband?” The Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “She has the right that he neither strikes her face nor disfigures her and she has the right that he feeds her by the means by which he feeds himself and clothes her by the means by which he clothes himself and does not avoid her.” [Ghawali Al-La’ali of Al-Ahsa’i, Volume 2 Page 142 Hadith 396]

عن محمد بن على بن ابراهيم أن امرأة معاذ قالت: يا رسول الله! ما حق الزوجة على زوجها؟ قال: أن لا يضرب وجهها ولا يقبحها وأن يطعمها مما يأكل ويلبسها مما يلبس ولا يهجرها

Ali Ibn Muhammad reported that the Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “Whoever had a wife who caused him suffering, God did not accept a prayer or a good deed from her until she stood by him and satisfied him, even if she fasted all her life and stood (in prayer) and freed slaves and spent her fortune in the way of God, and she became the first to enter the fire.” Then he said: “On the man lies the same burden and punishment, if he does her harm and injustice.” [Mustadrak Safinat Al-Bihar of An-Namazi, Volume 4, page 341]

عن علي بن محمد عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله قال: ومن كانت له امرأة تؤذيه لم يقبل الله صلاتها ولا حسنة من عملها حتى تعينه وترضيه وإن صامت الدهر وقامت وأعتقت الرقاب، وأنفقت الأموال في سبيل الله، وكانت أول من يرد النار. ثم قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وآله: وعلى الرجل مثل ذلك الوزر والعذاب إذا كان لها مؤذيا ظالما

Muhammad Ibn Ali reported that the Prophet Muhammad (s.) said: “The best of you is the best to his wives and I am the best of you to his wives.” [Man La Yahduruh-ul-Faqih of As-Saduq, Volume 3 Page 443 Hadith 4538]

عن محمد بن علي بن بابويه عن النبي صلى الله عليه وآله وسلم أنه قال: خيركم خيركم لنسائه وأنا خيركم لنسائي